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- From: hagerp@iuvax.cs.indiana.edu (Paul Hager)
- Date: 31 Jan 92 19:08:26 GMT
- Newsgroups: alt.drugs
- Subject: Re: A few WOD questions
-
- d40374w@kaira.hut.fi (Tero Valkonen) writes:
- >
- >I have a few questions concerning WOD.
- >
- >1: When did WOD officially begin?
-
- There is no easy answer to this. One response might be
- that the WoD began in 1914 with the passage of the Harrison
- Act. However, it took a few years before certain bureaucrats
- reinterpreted it into a blueprint for prohibition. Cannabis
- was functionally prohibitted in the U.S. in 1937. The first
- thaw in the drug war started after the early 70s. Nixon had
- a redoubled WoD but this was occurring at the same time that
- many of the laws/values of the "establishment" were being
- questioned. Illicit drug use -- mostly cannabis -- skyrocketed.
- By the mid-70s politicians saw that a sizeable chunk of the
- public was fed up with the futility of the drug war -- particularly
- against cannabis -- and a movement started to look into the
- whole issue of whether or not the government should have
- a category of "victimless crimes." By 1977, Carter called for
- MJ "decriminalization".
-
- By the end of the 1970s, U.S. and state laws regarding MJ were
- the most "liberal" in over 40 years. It looked as though peace
- in the drug war might be at hand. Then Reagan came in. Nothing
- much changed at first. However, when PR efforts to improve the
- image of Nancy Reagan produced the "Just Say No" campaign --
- which was originally directed just at children -- the trend began
- to change. I would say that the latest round of the drug war
- began around the end of 1985.
-
- >2: How much money does the goverment annually spend on WOD?
-
- The feds spend over $10 billion and the states about the same.
- Bush's latest request is, I think, in the neighborhood of $12
- billion. These expenditures are just the DIRECT costs and
- don't include the cost of new prisons that are necessitated by
- overcrowding from incarcerating non-violent drug users. I'm
- sure there are a number of other indirect costs -- perhaps
- CATO has done an economic analysis of all this.
-
- >3: Does anyone have any idea about how many people are
- > killed each year in drug gang shootings and other
- > violence that's a direct result of illegal drugs?
-
- That's a good question. I believe there is a difference of
- opinion on the extent to which overall violence has increased.
- Milton Friedman claims 10,000 additional deaths/yr but some of
- comes from tainted drugs -- I'm not sure what percentage is
- supposed to be from black market violence. It is also the
- case that studies have shown that the overwhelming number of
- people who have been locked up for "drug crimes" are non-violent
- offenders. However, it is also the case that certain violent
- criminals who also happen to be drug abusers commit a disproportionate
- number of violent crimes.
-
- Given the above, it would seem that most people who use illegal
- drugs, AND ARE ARRESTED FOR IT, are not violent criminals but
- a few violent criminals really do robberies and muggings to
- support their habits. What is significant is that the current
- drug war is locking up people who were not, heretofore,
- considered a problem.
-
- >4: Since the WOD begun, has anything gotten better?
- > Has the number of drug users increased/decreased
- > significantly?
-
- If we just look at the Nixon drug war followed by the partial
- cease-fire of the late 70s following by the mid-80s Reagan/Bush
- resumption, the evidence would suggest that the drug war is
- irrelevant in terms of drug use. Use increased during and after
- Nixon. Use peaked AND BEGAN TO DECREASE when the law was relaxed.
- This trend continued pretty much unchanged through to the present
- with a few interesting deviations. One is that crack cocaine
- exploded after the mid-80s "crack"down. It also seems, recently
- that LSD use may be increasing. I don't have hard data on the
- latter but news reports have been suggesting this and there is
- also the well known problems metabolite drug test have in
- detecting LSD use.
-
- Probably the most important reason for the decline in drug use
- starting in 79 was demographic. As a person ages, drug use
- apparently tends to decline. It was the baby boomers who
- contributed to the great upsurge and the aging boomers who
- found that they just weren't as interested as job and family
- responsibilites took more of their time.
-
- >Thanks in advance for possible replies.
-
- My pleasure.
-
-